英语四级阅读理解专项训练答案（9）

Passage 1

The world's population is increasing at an alarming rate, and the demand for water is increasing as well. By 2050, it is estimated that the global demand for water will be twice as high as it is today. This is particularly true in developing countries, where the demand for water is expected to exceed the supply.

One of the main causes of this shortage is the growing population. As the population increases, so does the demand for water. In addition, the demand for water is also increasing due to the rise in standards of living. As people become more affluent, they tend to consume more water, particularly for cooking, cleaning, and personal hygiene.

Another cause of the water shortage is the lack of infrastructure to supply clean and safe water. Many developing countries do not have access to clean water, and even in developed countries, there are often problems with water quality and supply.

To address this issue, several solutions have been proposed. Firstly, the need for better infrastructure to supply clean and safe water is essential. Developing countries need to invest in water treatment facilities and pipes to ensure clean and safe water delivery to households. Secondly, people need to be educated on how to conserve water. Simple measures such as fixing leaky faucets or shower heads can significantly reduce water consumption. Finally, alternative sources of water need to be developed. This includes desalination of seawater and rainwater harvesting.

Question 1、 What is the main cause of the global water shortage?

A. Pollution

B. Population growth

C. climate change

D. Inefficient use of water

E. None of the above

Question 2、 Why is the demand for water increasing?

A. Due to population growth and rising standards of living

B. Only due to population growth

C. Only due to rising standards of living

D. Due to pollution and climate change

E. None of the above

Question 3、 What is one way to address the global water shortage?

A. Reduce pollution

B. increase infrastructure development

C. Plant more trees

D. develop alternative sources of water

E. None of the above

Question 4、 What are two causes of the water shortage in developing countries?

A. Pollution and climate change

B. Population growth and inefficient use of water

C. Lack of infrastructure and poor management of water resourcesD. Insufficient rainfall and poor soil quality

E. None of the above

F、 All of the above are correct

答案及解析：

问题1答案：B. Population growth

文章第一段明确提到：“世界人口正在以惊人的速度增长，对水的需求也在增加。”因此，人口增长是全球水资源短缺的主要原因。

问题2答案：A. Due to population growth and rising standards of living

文章第二段提到：“随着人口增加，对水的需求也在增加。此外，由于生活水平的提高，人们变得更加富裕，他们倾向于消耗更多的水，特别是用于烹饪、清洁和个人卫生。”因此，对水的需求增加是由于人口增长和生活水平的提高。

问题3答案：B. Increase infrastructure development

文章第三段提到：“另一个导致水资源短缺的原因是缺乏基础设施来供应清洁和安全的水。”因此，加强基础设施发展是一种解决全球水资源短缺的方法。

问题4答案：C. Lack of infrastructure and poor management of water resources

文章第三段明确提到：“许多发展中国家无法获得干净的水，即使在发达国家，也经常存在水质量问题。”这说明发展中国家水资源短缺的原因之一是缺乏基础设施和管理不善。因此，选项C是正确答案。